Hanoi, the capital of Tonkin in 1900, is above all characterized by its majestic river. The Red River, vast and imposing, is much more than just a watercourse: it is a true source of life, nourishing the city and its inhabitants with its vital waters. As the city’s first and foremost communication route, its presence is omnipresent, shaping the city and its economy, irrigating rice fields and linking communities together.

Tonkin - Hanoi - Quai des chaloupes chinoises - R. Moreau 95 - @ 2184 #5307

Tonkin - Hanoi - Bords du fleuve rouge - R. Moreau 87 - @111 #5304

At the time, however, control of the river remained a major challenge. Although its potential as a major river artery was recognized, it remained uncertain how far it could be navigated safely. Experts are asking many questions about the navigability of its distant waters, and research is being undertaken to develop technical solutions for extending river routes beyond known areas. Authorities are considering adapting passenger and freight boats to reach more distant destinations, such as the northern city of Laokay, several hundred kilometers away.

Tonkin - Hanoi - Quai des Jonques - R. Moreau 96 - @2185 #5305

Against this backdrop of technical challenges and colonial ambitions, the construction of the Paul Doumer Bridge, completed in 1902, represented a major turning point. Linking the two banks of the Red River, this metal bridge quickly became an essential element for the city. Not only did it simplify travel for residents, it also embodied the progress of French colonization in Indochina. It symbolized the rapprochement of communities and the economic development of Tonkin, facilitating trade and contributing to the integration of the northern regions.